SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Debug (command)</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Debug (command)</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">DEBUG.COM (MS-DOS <= 2.0), DEBUG.EXE (MS-DOS >= 3.x)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Tim Paterson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>, <a href="Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a>, <a href="Caldera_(company)" title="Caldera (company)">Caldera</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>: <a href="X86_assembly_language" title="X86 assembly language">x86 assembly language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, <a href="OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>, <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Debugger" title="Debugger">Debugger</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">MS-DOS v2.0, FreeDOS: <a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT</a><br>OS/2, Windows: <a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491040.aspx">Debug</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The line-oriented <a href="Debugger" title="Debugger">debugger</a> <b><code>DEBUG.EXE</code></b> is an external command in <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> such as <a href="DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, <a href="OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> and <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> (only in 16-bit/32-bit versions<sup id="cite_ref-MASM_for_x64_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MASM_for_x64-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).

</p><p>DEBUG can act as an <a href="Assembly_language_assembler" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly language assembler">assembler</a>, <a href="Disassembler" title="Disassembler">disassembler</a>, or <a href="Hex_dump" title="Hex dump">hex dump</a> program allowing users to interactively examine <a href="Computer_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer storage">memory</a> contents (in <a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly language</a>, <a href="Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> or <a href="ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>), make changes, and selectively execute <a href="COM_file" title="COM file">COM</a>, <a href="EXE" class="mw-redirect" title="EXE">EXE</a> and other file types. It also has several subcommands which are used to access specific <a href="Disk_sector" title="Disk sector">disk sectors</a>, <a href="I/O_port" class="mw-redirect" title="I/O port">I/O ports</a> and <a href="Memory_address" title="Memory address">memory addresses</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>Traditionally, all <a href="Computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Computers">computers</a> and <a href="Operating_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating systems">operating systems</a> have included a maintenance function, used to determine whether a program is working correctly. DEBUG was originally written by <a href="Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Tim Paterson</a> to serve this purpose in <a href="86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a>. When Paterson began working for Microsoft in the early 1980s he brought the program with him. DEBUG was part of <span class="nowrap">DOS 1.00</span> and has been included in <a href="MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>/<a href="PC_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS">PC DOS</a> and certain versions of <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>. Originally named <code>DEBUG.COM</code>, the executable was renamed into <code>DEBUG.EXE</code> with MS-DOS 3.2.<sup id="cite_ref-Sedory_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sedory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> and later versions included <code>DEBUG</code> for the <a href="Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">MS-DOS subsystem</a> to maintain MS-DOS compatibility. The 16-bit DOS commands are not available on <a href="64-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="64-bit">64-bit</a> editions of Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-MS_subsystem_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS_subsystem-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The MS-DOS/PC DOS DEBUG has several limitations:

</p>

<ul><li>In assembly/disassembly modes it only supports <a href="Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a> opcodes.</li>

<li>It can only access 16-bit <a href="Processor_register" title="Processor register">registers</a> and not 32-bit extended registers.</li>

<li>When the "N" subcommand for naming files is used, the filename is stored from <a href="Offset_(computer_science)" title="Offset (computer science)">offset</a> <a href="Data_segment" title="Data segment">DS</a>:5D to DS:67 (the <a href="Program_Segment_Prefix" title="Program Segment Prefix">Program Segment Prefix</a> <a href="File_Control_Block" title="File Control Block">File Control Block</a> area), meaning that the program can only save files in <a href="8.3_filename" title="8.3 filename">FAT 8.3 filename</a> format.</li></ul>

<p>Enhanced DEBUG packages include the DEBUG command in <a href="Novell_DOS_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS 7">Novell DOS 7</a>, <a href="OpenDOS_7.01" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDOS 7.01">OpenDOS 7.01</a> and <a href="DR-DOS_7.02" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-DOS 7.02">DR-DOS 7.02</a> and higher, a reimplementation of <a href="Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>'s former Symbolic Instruction Debugger SID/SID86,<sup id="cite_ref-DR_1982_SID86_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DR_1982_SID86-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which came with former versions of <a href="DR_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DR DOS">DR DOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Born_1993_DOS6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Born_1993_DOS6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOSTIP_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOSTIP-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_2002_SID86_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2002_SID86-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is fully compatible with the DEBUG command line syntax of MS-DOS/PC DOS, but offers many enhancements, including supporting 16-bit and 32-bit opcodes up to the <a href="Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a>, an extended mode (/X) with dozens of additional commands and sub-modes, a much enhanced command line syntax with user-definable macros and <a href="Symbolic_debugging" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolic debugging">symbolic debugging</a> facilities with named registers, loaded <a href="Symbol_table" title="Symbol table">symbol tables</a>, mathematical operations and <a href="Base_conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Base conversion">base conversions</a>, as well as a <a href="Commenting_disassembler" class="mw-redirect" title="Commenting disassembler">commenting disassembler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paul_2002_SID86_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2002_SID86-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some versions also utilized <a href="DOS_Protected_Mode_Services" title="DOS Protected Mode Services">DPMS</a> to function as a "stealth mode" protected-mode debugger.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <a href="FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a> version of DEBUG was developed by Paul Vojta and is licensed under the <a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FreeDOS_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FreeDOS-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A 32-bit clone "DEBUGX" version supporting <a href="32-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="32-bit">32-bit</a> <a href="DOS_Protected_Mode_Interface" title="DOS Protected Mode Interface">DPMI</a> programs exists as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Vojta_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vojta-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andreas "Japheth" Grech, the author of the <a href="HX_DOS_extender" class="mw-redirect" title="HX DOS extender">HX DOS extender</a>, developed enhanced DEBUG versions 0.98 to 1.25, and former <a href="PC_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS">PC DOS</a> developer Vernon C. Brooks added versions 1.26 to 1.32.<sup id="cite_ref-Brooks_2014_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brooks_2014-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2></div>

<pre>DEBUG [[drive:][path] filename [parameters]]</pre>

<p>When DEBUG is started without any parameters the DEBUG prompt, a "-" appears. The user can then enter one of several one or two-letter subcommands, including "A" to enter the assembler mode, "D" to perform a <a href="Hex_dump" title="Hex dump">hexadecimal dump</a>, "T" to trace and "U" to unassemble (disassemble) a program in memory.<sup id="cite_ref-TechNet_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TechNet-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

DEBUG can also be used as a "DEBUG script" <a href="Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreter</a> using the following syntax.

</p>

<pre><code>DEBUG < filename</code>

</pre>

<p>A script file may contain DEBUG subcommands and assembly language instructions.<sup id="cite_ref-Using_Debug_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Using_Debug-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This method can be used to create or edit <a href="Binary_file" title="Binary file">binary files</a> from <a href="Batch_file" title="Batch file">batch files</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sedory_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sedory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Using_for_non-debugging_purposes">Using for non-debugging purposes</h2></div>

<p>The DEBUG utility is useful for editing binary files in an environment where only DOS is installed without anything else. It can also be used to edit disk sectors, which is one method of removing boot-sector viruses.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Availability">Availability</h2></div>

<p>Although technical documentation for the DEBUG command was removed with the release of MS-DOS 3.3, the command was retained in the standard distribution, unlike what was done with <a href="EXE2BIN_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="EXE2BIN (DOS command)">EXE2BIN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dror_1988_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dror_1988-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_operating_systems">Other operating systems</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> <a href="ISIS_(operating_system)" title="ISIS (operating system)">ISIS-II</a><sup id="cite_ref-ISIS_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISIS-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="RMX_(operating_system)" title="RMX (operating system)">iRMX 86</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-iRMX_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iRMX-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> <a href="TOPS-10" title="TOPS-10">TOPS-10</a><sup id="cite_ref-TOPS-10_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOPS-10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="TOPS-20" title="TOPS-20">TOPS-20</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CMDref_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMDref-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="THEOS" title="THEOS">THEOS/OASIS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-OASIS_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OASIS-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Zilog" title="Zilog">Zilog</a> <a href="Z80-RIO" title="Z80-RIO">Z80-RIO</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Z80-RIO_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Z80-RIO-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Stratus_Technologies" title="Stratus Technologies">Stratus</a> <a href="Stratus_VOS" title="Stratus VOS">OpenVOS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-VOS_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VOS-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="PC-MOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC-MOS">PC-MOS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-PC-MOS_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PC-MOS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="AROS_Research_Operating_System" title="AROS Research Operating System">AROS</a><sup id="cite_ref-AROS_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AROS-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also provide a <code>DEBUG</code> command.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">List of DOS commands</a></li>

<li><a href="DDT_(CP/M_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DDT (CP/M command)">DDT (CP/M command)</a> (Dynamic Debugging Technique)</li>

<li>SID (Symbolic Instruction Debugger)</li>

<li><a href="SYMDEB" class="mw-redirect" title="SYMDEB">SYMDEB</a></li>

<li><a href="CodeView" title="CodeView">CodeView</a></li>

<li><a href="Turbo_Debugger" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbo Debugger">Turbo Debugger</a></li>

<li><a href="SoftICE" title="SoftICE">SoftICE</a></li>

<li><a href="DEBUG_(tag)" class="mw-redirect" title="DEBUG (tag)">DEBUG (tag)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

<li id="cite_note-MASM_for_x64-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MASM_for_x64_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hb5z4sxd.aspx">Microsoft Macro Assembler Reference</a>, inline assembly is not supported for x64.</span>

</li>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFSedory" class="citation web cs1">Sedory, Daniel B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/debug/debug.htm">"A Guide to DEBUG"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-29</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-MS_subsystem-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MS_subsystem_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-xp/bb490895(v%3dtechnet.10)">MS-DOS subsystem commands</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-DR_1982_SID86-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DR_1982_SID86_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpm.z80.de/manuals/SID86_User_Guide.txt"><i>SID-86 User's Guide for CP/M-86</i></a> (2 ed.). <a href="Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a>. August 1982 [March 1982]. SID86UG.WS4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020123025/http://www.cpm.z80.de/manuals/SID86_User_Guide.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-06</span></span>.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200208055456/https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2016/12/102762507-05-01-acc.pdf">[1]</a> (NB. A retyped version of the manual by Emmanuel Roche with Q, SR, and Z commands added. This manual is for the <a href="CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a> version, but the <a href="DR_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DR DOS">DR DOS</a> version is similar.)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Born_1993_DOS6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Born_1993_DOS6_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBorn1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Born" class="extiw external" title="de:Günter Born">Born, Günter</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (1993). <i>DOS 6 Tuning</i> (in German) (1 ed.). <a href="Markt_%26_Technik" class="mw-redirect" title="Markt & Technik">Markt & Technik</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>3-87791-495-0</bdi>.</cite> (NB. Has several pages on MS-DOS DEBUG.EXE as well as on the Symbolic Instruction Debugger SID.EXE in <a href="DR_DOS_5.0" class="mw-redirect" title="DR DOS 5.0">DR DOS 5.0</a>/<a href="DR_DOS_6.0" class="mw-redirect" title="DR DOS 6.0">6.0</a>.)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Paul_1997_DRDOSTIP-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_DRDOSTIP_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (1997-05-24) [1991]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/drdostip.htm"><i>DRDOSTIP.TXT — Tips und Tricks für DR DOS 3.41 - 5.0</i></a> (in German) (47 ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107125452/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/drdostip.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-11-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-07</span></span>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (help)</span> (NB. Has some information on Symbolic Instruction Debugger (SID86.EXE in <a href="DR_DOS_3.41" class="mw-redirect" title="DR DOS 3.41">DR DOS 3.41</a> and SID.EXE in DR DOS 5.0/6.0), the predecessor of the DR-DOS DEBUG.EXE.)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Paul_2002_SID86-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2002_SID86_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2002_SID86_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2002" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Paul, Matthias R. (2002-01-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.os.cpm/KG4R7ZNvHK8/U5LAkmjcxYgJ">"SID86"</a>. <a href="Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.os.cpm">comp.os.cpm</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-08</span></span>. <q>[…] Since the <a href="DR-DOS_7.03" class="mw-redirect" title="DR-DOS 7.03">DR-DOS 7.03</a> DEBUG is still based on the old SID86.EXE, I suggest to run DEBUG 1.51 and enter the extended help system with ?? from the debug prompt. This will give you eight screens full of syntax and feature help. Some of these features were also supported by older issues. […]</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1997_NWDOSTIP_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (1997-07-30). "Kapitel II.5. Allgemeines: Undokumentierte Möglichkeiten von DEBUG" [Undocumented features of DEBUG]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm"><i>NWDOS-TIPs — Tips & Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds</i></a>. Release 157 (in German) (3 ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910194752/http://www.antonis.de/dos/dos-tuts/mpdostip/html/nwdostip.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-06</span></span>.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (help)</span> (NB. NWDOSTIP.TXT is a comprehensive work on <a href="Novell_DOS_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS 7">Novell DOS 7</a> and <a href="OpenDOS_7.01" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDOS 7.01">OpenDOS 7.01</a>, including the description of many undocumented features and internals. It is part of the author's yet larger MPDOSTIP.ZIP collection maintained up to 2001 and distributed on many sites at the time. The provided link points to a HTML-converted older version of the NWDOSTIP.TXT file.)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paul_2001_NWDOSTIP_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul, Matthias R. (2001-04-09). <i>NWDOS-TIPs — Tips & Tricks rund um Novell DOS 7, mit Blick auf undokumentierte Details, Bugs und Workarounds</i>. Release 183 (in German) (3 ed.).</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (help)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FreeDOS-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FreeDOS_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/files/distributions/1.2/repos/pkg-html/debug.html">"FreeDOS 1.2 Updates Package - debug (FreeDOS Base)"</a>. Ibiblio.org. 2021-02-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Vojta-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vojta_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVojta" class="citation web cs1">Vojta, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070824025835/http://www.japheth.de/Debug/README.TXT">"DEBUG README"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japheth.de/Debug/README.TXT">the original</a> on 2007-08-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-25</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Brooks_2014-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brooks_2014_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2014" class="citation web cs1">Brooks, Vernon C. (2014-04-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pcdosretro.github.io/enhdebug.htm">"Enhanced DEBUG for PC DOS and MS-DOS"</a>. <i>PC DOS Retro</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221141005/https://sites.google.com/site/pcdosretro/enhdebug">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-TechNet-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TechNet_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491040.aspx">"Microsoft TechNet Debug article"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Using_Debug-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Using_Debug_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFIrvine2010" class="citation book cs1">Irvine, Kip R. (2010). "Using Debug". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kipirvine.com/asm/debug/Debug_Tutorial.pdf"><i>Assembly language for Intel-based computers</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (6th ed.). <a href="Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-13602212-1</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-18</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Dror_1988-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dror_1988_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDror1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Dror, Asael (1988-01-12). "Thank You, IBM". <i><a href="PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i>. p. 366.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ISIS-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISIS_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/intel/ISIS_II/9800306-06_ISIS-II_Users_Guide_May81.pdf">ISIS II Users Guide</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-iRMX-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iRMX_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_inteliRMX1_19819263">iRMX 86 Introduction And Operator's Reference Manual For Release 6</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-TOPS-10-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TOPS-10_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809145058/http://scandocs.trailing-edge.com/tops10-aa-0916d-tb.pdf"><i>TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Digital Equipment Corporation. August 1980. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scandocs.trailing-edge.com/tops10-aa-0916d-tb.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-CMDref-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CMDref_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809103116/http://www.textfiles.com/bitsavers/pdf/dec/pdp10/TOPS20/V6.1/AA-FP65A-TM_tops20CmdsRef.pdf">"TOPS-20 Command manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.textfiles.com/bitsavers/pdf/dec/pdp10/TOPS20/V6.1/AA-FP65A-TM_tops20CmdsRef.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-18</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-OASIS-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OASIS_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/phaseOneSystems/THEOS_OASIS_Users_Handbook_1985.pdf">THEOS/OASIS User′s Handbook</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Z80-RIO-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Z80-RIO_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.z80cpu.eu/mirrors/oldcomputers.dyndns.org/public/pub/rechner/zilog/zds/z80-rio_os_userman.pdf">Z80-RIO Operating System User's Manual</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-VOS-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VOS_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stratadoc.stratus.com/vos/19.1.0/r098-19/wwhelp/wwhimpl/common/html/r098-19.pdf">"OpenVOS Commands Reference Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-PC-MOS-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PC-MOS_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/roelandjansen/pcmos386v501/blob/master/DOCS/v4/PCMOSv4UserManual.pdf">PC-MOS User Guide</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-AROS-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AROS_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/index.php">"AROS Research Operating System"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .infobox .side-box{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="side-box side-box-right sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Guide_to_Windows_Commands" class="extiw external" title="wikibooks:Guide to Windows Commands">Guide to Windows Commands</a></b></i></div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/tn-archive/cc722863(v=technet.10)">Debug | Microsoft Docs</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/microsoft/MS-DOS/blob/master/v2.0/source/DEBUG.ASM">Open source DEBUG implementation that comes with MS-DOS v2.0</a></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Windows_command-line_programs_and_shell_builtins413" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Windows_command-line_programs_and_shell_builtins413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> <a href="Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line</a> programs and <a href="Shell_builtin" title="Shell builtin">shell builtins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ecosystem</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Command-line_interpreter" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line interpreter">Interpreters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li>

<li><a href="Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a></li>

<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>

<li><a href="Recovery_Console" title="Recovery Console">Recovery Console</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">Terminals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Windows Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Windows Terminal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File system navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cd_(command)" title="Cd (command)">cd</a> (chdir)</li>

<li><a href="Pushd_and_popd" title="Pushd and popd">pushd</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ATTRIB" title="ATTRIB">attrib</a></li>

<li><a href="Cacls" title="Cacls">cacls</a></li>

<li><a href="Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">cipher</a></li>

<li><a href="Compact_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact (computing)">compact</a></li>

<li><a href="Del_(command)" title="Del (command)">del</a> (erase)</li>

<li><a href="Deltree" class="mw-redirect" title="Deltree">deltree</a></li>

<li><a href="Cacls#icacls" title="Cacls">icacls</a></li>

<li><a href="Mkdir" title="Mkdir">mkdir</a> (md)</li>

<li><a href="Mklink" class="mw-redirect" title="Mklink">mklink</a></li>

<li><a href="Openfiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Openfiles">openfiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Recover_(command)" title="Recover (command)">recover</a></li>

<li><a href="Ren_(command)" title="Ren (command)">ren</a> (rename)</li>

<li><a href="Replace_(command)" title="Replace (command)">replace</a></li>

<li><a href="Rmdir" title="Rmdir">rmdir</a> (rd)</li>

<li><a href="Robocopy" title="Robocopy">robocopy</a></li>

<li><a href="Takeown" class="mw-redirect" title="Takeown">takeown</a></li>

<li><a href="XCOPY" title="XCOPY">xcopy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archiving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">expand</a></li>

<li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">extrac32</a></li>

<li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">extract</a></li>

<li><a href="Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">makecab</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disk management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CHKDSK" title="CHKDSK">chkdsk</a></li>

<li><a href="Convert_(command)" title="Convert (command)">convert</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_Defragmenter_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk Defragmenter (Windows)">defrag</a></li>

<li><a href="Diskcomp" title="Diskcomp">diskcomp</a></li>

<li><a href="Diskcopy" title="Diskcopy">diskcopy</a></li>

<li><a href="Diskpart" title="Diskpart">diskpart</a></li>

<li><a href="Diskraid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diskraid">diskraid</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">diskshadow</a></li>

<li><a href="Drvspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Drvspace">drvspace</a></li>

<li><a href="Fdisk" title="Fdisk">fdisk</a></li>

<li><a href="Format_(command)" title="Format (command)">format</a></li>

<li><a href="Fsutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Fsutil">fsutil</a></li>

<li><a href="Label_(command)" title="Label (command)">label</a></li>

<li><a href="BitLocker" title="BitLocker">manage-bde</a></li>

<li><a href="MSCDEX" title="MSCDEX">MSCDEX</a></li>

<li><a href="Refsutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Refsutil">refsutil</a></li>

<li><a href="SUBST" title="SUBST">subst</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">scandisk</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">vssadmin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Runas" title="Runas">runas</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">schtasks</a></li>

<li><a href="Shutdown_(computing)" title="Shutdown (computing)">shutdown</a></li>

<li><a href="Start_(command)" title="Start (command)">start</a></li>

<li><a href="Taskkill" class="mw-redirect" title="Taskkill">taskkill</a></li>

<li><a href="Tasklist" title="Tasklist">tasklist</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Registry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="File_association" title="File association">assoc</a></li>

<li><a href="Ftype" title="Ftype">ftype</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Registry#Command_line_editing" title="Windows Registry">regini</a></li>

<li><a href="Regsvr32" title="Regsvr32">regsvr32</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">User environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cmdkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Cmdkey">cmdkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Graftabl" class="mw-redirect" title="Graftabl">graftabl</a></li>

<li><a href="Setver" class="mw-redirect" title="Setver">setver</a></li>

<li><a href="Title_(command)" title="Title (command)">title</a></li>

<li><a href="Where_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Where (command)">where</a></li>

<li><a href="Whoami" title="Whoami">whoami</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Edlin" title="Edlin">edlin</a></li>

<li><a href="Findstr" title="Findstr">findstr</a></li>

<li><a href="PRINT_(command)" title="PRINT (command)">print</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">Scripting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Choice_(command)" title="Choice (command)">choice</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">cscript</a></li>

<li><a href="DOSKEY" title="DOSKEY">doskey</a></li>

<li><a href="Forfiles" title="Forfiles">forfiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Pause_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pause (command)">pause</a></li>

<li><a href="Command-line_interface#Command_prompt" title="Command-line interface">prompt</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeout_(computing)" title="Timeout (computing)">timeout</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">bitsadmin</a></li>

<li><a href="MAC_address" title="MAC address">getmac</a></li>

<li><a href="Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a></li>

<li><a href="Ipconfig" title="Ipconfig">ipconfig</a></li>

<li><a href="Nbtstat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nbtstat">nbtstat</a></li>

<li><a href="Netsh" title="Netsh">netsh</a></li>

<li><a href="Netstat" title="Netstat">netstat</a></li>

<li><a href="Nslookup" title="Nslookup">nslookup</a></li>

<li><a href="PathPing" title="PathPing">PathPing</a></li>

<li><a href="Rpcping" class="mw-redirect" title="Rpcping">rpcping</a></li>

<li><a href="Route_(command)" title="Route (command)">route</a></li>

<li><a href="Setspn" class="mw-redirect" title="Setspn">setspn</a></li>

<li><a href="Ssh-agent" title="Ssh-agent">ssh-agent</a></li>

<li><a href="Ssh-keygen" title="Ssh-keygen">ssh-keygen</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh-keyscan</a></li>

<li><a href="Traceroute" title="Traceroute">tracert</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Remote_Management" title="Windows Remote Management">winrm</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Remote_Management" title="Windows Remote Management">winrs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maintenance and care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Auditpol" class="mw-redirect" title="Auditpol">auditpol</a></li>

<li><a href="Dispdiag" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispdiag">dispdiag</a></li>

<li><a href="Device_Manager#Driverquery_command" title="Device Manager">driverquery</a></li>

<li><a href="Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">eventcreate</a></li>

<li><a href="Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">eventtriggers</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">gpresult</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">gpupdate</a></li>

<li><a href="Logman" class="mw-redirect" title="Logman">logman</a></li>

<li><a href="Mofcomp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mofcomp">mofcomp</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">msiexec</a></li>

<li><a href="NTBackup" title="NTBackup">ntbackup</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentium_FDIV_bug#Software_patches" title="Pentium FDIV bug">pentnt</a></li>

<li><a href="Pnpunattend" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnpunattend">pnpunattend</a></li>

<li><a href="Pnputil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnputil">pnputil</a></li>

<li><a href="REAgentC" class="mw-redirect" title="REAgentC">REAgentC</a></li>

<li><a href="Relog" class="mw-redirect" title="Relog">relog</a></li>

<li><a href="Sxstrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sxstrace">sxstrace</a></li>

<li><a href="Systeminfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Systeminfo">systeminfo</a></li>

<li><a href="Tpmtool" class="mw-redirect" title="Tpmtool">tpmtool</a></li>

<li><a href="Tpmvscmgr" class="mw-redirect" title="Tpmvscmgr">tpmvscmgr</a></li>

<li><a href="Tracerpt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracerpt">tracerpt</a></li>

<li><a href="Typeperf" class="mw-redirect" title="Typeperf">typeperf</a></li>

<li><a href="WBAdmin" title="WBAdmin">WBAdmin</a></li>

<li><a href="Wecutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Wecutil">wecutil</a></li>

<li><a href="Wevtutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Wevtutil">wevtutil</a></li>

<li><a href="Winmgmt" class="mw-redirect" title="Winmgmt">winmgmt</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">winsat</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boot management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bcdedit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bcdedit">bcdedit</a></li>

<li><a href="Bootcfg" title="Bootcfg">bootcfg</a></li>

<li><a href="Bootsect" class="mw-redirect" title="Bootsect">bootsect</a></li>

<li><a href="Fixboot" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixboot">fixboot</a></li>

<li><a href="Fixmbr" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixmbr">fixmbr</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Break_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Break (command)">break</a></li>

<li><a href="QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Dpath" title="Dpath">dpath</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">List of DOS commands</a></li>

<li><a href="Environment_variable" title="Environment variable">Environment variables</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Support_Tools" title="Windows Support Tools">Windows Support Tools</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-24" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Debug_(command)&oldid=1291914383">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>